Herbicide resistance might give plants an advantage in the wild.
Credit Xiao Yang
It has been proven that a genetic-modification technique, which is widely used to create crops that are herbicide-resistant gives advantages to the rice that is weedy. This suggests that this genetic modification may also have potential to affect wild animals.
Many crops have been genetically altered so that they can resist glyphosate. This herbicide was first offered under the trade name Roundup. Farmers can eliminate most the weeds that grow in their fields with glyphosate without harming their crops because of this resistance.
Glyphosate inhibits growth of plants by inhibiting EPSP synthase (an enzyme involved in the creation of certain amino acids and various other molecules). ラウンドアップ This enzyme can comprise as much as 35 percent or more of a plant’s total mass. The genetic-modification technique is used for instance, in Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto Biotechnology, a biotech company based out of St Louis, Missouri. It involves inserting genes into the genome of the crop to boost EPSP synthase synthase synthase production. Genes are typically derived from bacteria that cause disease to the crops.
The addition of EPSP synase allows for the plant to resist the harmful effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology laboratories are looking to make use of genes from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. This is due to the fact that the US law permits regulatory approval to allow organisms that have transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.
A few studies have looked into the possibility that transgenes that confer tolerance may — once they become weedy , or wild relatives through cross-pollinating- increase the plants’ longevity and reproductive. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. https://tcss.vivahome.com/product/commodity/0000/08030102-006328/ “The assumption is that any kind of transgene will cause disadvantage in the wild, in absence of pressure to select, due to the fact that it reduces fitness,” Ellstrand said.
But now a study led by Lu Baorong, an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, challenges that view It reveals that the weedy version of the popular rice plant, Oryza sativa is given an important boost in fitness due to resistance to glyphosate, even when glyphosate has not been applied.
In the study which was published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his coworkers genetically altered the rice cultivar to enhance its own EPSP synthase and cross-bred the altered rice with a weedy relative.
The group then permitted cross-breeding offspring to be bred together to produce second-generation hybrids. They were genetically identical except for the copy count and number of the EPSP synthase gene. Like one might expect, the higher number of copies of the gene produced higher levels enzyme, and also more tryptophan, than the unmodified counterparts.
The researchers also found that transgenic hybrids have higher rates of photosynthesis, grew more shoots and flowers and produced 48-125% more seeds than the non-transgenic hybrids — in the absence of the chemical glyphosate.
Lu suggests that making the weedy rice more competitive could increase the risk for the farmers around the world who’s fields are being ravaged by the pest.
Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, stated that the EPSP Synthase gene may be introduced in wild rice varieties. https://rd.listing.yahoo.co.jp/p/search/GU=A-aJT2MAAKTq5uILuw_BZxygRHC7XaC795v28tm01XnGuONMRSy1z-wCIEaMGnET6GDffSIZ7U0mRXXQ4dkLk_-ILDngwHK86w4_JeluICda8x1-jq_rrPKINn8rkl5_m5feQOviMUCdNtmzNkkBTsJ4hqpPXWU6SG4FOd7c9KWKr86UBpGveYYUQM3Qn2JFK_NI9lTrujKtlEoJdRrVBGAYcF_QGUsjOGzSVGMIhA4RBNaKTVYQxsW0DOW0XXniicnzwN4GGK9Jjnqr9dJezjfYxNLZeVDMxZhm6KBMyshSPqK2Fy4jVGXUYAjKIo1TRt3Ydk88jFrKynbrSgh-1rprpxj54FplD1IFeHQBiGNd9rasKj0EFLp8w-peeSmK518tWSnMec1oDTfTBcSHV6Ey8ks8HNWoOXaN-mtiTBfSZBzkiDW58tVr2B57ZzcR50GJb9Tzwg47FaEmofbcOOkvf62_Rhy4jTehyjo1dxfJFWbO3P1LBPLjb7LNXnUTZscg8jdeNoy6LQ2_a9KqkFj4kuAeVyi1CbVpuwg3orocP46NVh2uFiVE3vXxiDRiOFLX-o00dDCY-Qo5qFyJbUtpVfyJqMChzXdjo1kySAGVcLDplpdVWmm996XwMMAAVXV0XSgANklgBZIpWiBERqh53q9wea_t-qw2BSOL0klByxL0GANknisrgaW7jB0LuHrMosqAt6hjry0IACGaIxDvd8_6w7W0b5Gs9xr4bJkQOAghWoSmKftD-oZG-Egbaw7yeH0KGoMoCFrFuChIpVR9vG-v5txe-jWbb8kGMsDrpgGuvr97YgCLjnj62l0c5FEJdFtHq_M1lk82-dcuy0wiILrL1XMLJ18EV4bXY-JkNJ2Jn1VffIOCywj8DBDrcDIHfVXfGUxBHrtgSs0TGn_Zqc8CRXXrbOQwHHcPmzjD5dJZasmrCrUT_ZtY9o9ogyH9MgPp7E6zkdjehfJWs8koPeipeZUeAwyZCMOr5w522BKnEV8scVMwbMl-ZGHGUUjWiNlofZH5cJTIwwAzz0Jex39WKScPTobncdk_T4abLy3uQpK-_ahUJJ9LLkFnPpAjLV-p-QZRFfY96mNXVu371lZwaAjwgFYo8xcIjQf9sYbkSyciRYm8uIRf2BVXJQAN0_Ze3Q1SGHWus7LPtQDUsGOx4aMiv-Tl1UzSRm09fdPTA1TC2rBatoZGz0OssDywRCj08oWt;/?ep=A-aJT2MAAPKEL4Teunm-YLdk6ypHqeTG1yfV8nwPK64WFxIW01b_yaN27nZcQ3LDiDBqieIuvVWd6CaSurBnd2qTiduZID3Yp_PRZ34sibHeK1KhOVuFc8FffBr0Mc9vGd9dGySeugmYm-Ye6Didz3LbEvBVYqdEAYm0hOritiKpLmZWLypoGRssf66ZOmAFtRPs41MKeQv_yfqVYERw1rD-kGGV5FVoK6Xm&v=2 This would threaten their genetic diversity, which is crucial. https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ “This is among the clearest examples of highly plausible negative effects (of GM crops] on the environment.”
ラウンドアップ The public believes that plants with genetically modified genes containing more than one copy of their genes than microorganisms are safe. ラウンドアップ マックスロード 希釈 This notion is also challenged by the study. Lu states, “Our study shows this is not the case.”
Some researchers believe this finding needs to be reviewed in light of future regulation of genetically modified crops. Ellstrand thinks that biosafety rules can be relaxed since we can have a great level of comfort from two decades worth of genetic engineering. “But the study still indicates that innovative products require an in-depth evaluation.”