How did Roundup Ready & Roundup come to be?

First, what exactly is Roundup Ready? ラウンドアップ Roundup Ready is the trademark name of a line of genetically modified crops that are intolerant to Roundup. These crops are called Roundup Ready.

Roundup Was it actually created?
https://www.zennoh.or.jp/eigi/research/pdf/gr334_06.pdf John Franz, Monsanto’s chemist who first discovered Glyphosate as an herbicide during Roundup in 1970. At the time, in the ag industry, most herbicides were pre-emergent. That is, they were applied prior to the crop and weeds emerged. The unique post-emergent effectiveness of glyphosate to control huge amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was astonishing. This, in conjunction with its exceptional environmental (soil degradation and rapid degradation, etc.) and toxicological characteristics (extremely high toxicity to mammals (and beneficial organisms) and resulted in a product that was outstanding.

ラウンドアップ When was Roundup created?
Roundup(r) was introduced on the market in 1974, as a broad-spectrum herbicide and quickly became one of the most effective agricultural chemicals in the world. Roundup(r), originally, was employed in ditches on railroads and in fields between the growth seasons. This allowed farmers control the grass and broadleaf wild weeds that were growing in the soil. It also decreased the need to tillage and helped preserve the soil’s structure.

ラウンドアップ The Roundup Ready GMOs case was next.
Monsanto scientists recognized the potential benefits that Roundup(r) Recombinant DNA product, could be for farmers following the breakthroughs made in the 1970s. A small group of researchers (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) under the direction of Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this problem. In the early 1980s, this team had developed the first methods that allowed the introduction of particular genes into plants. Our focus was on the development of virus-resistant insects resistant, Roundup-resistant crops.

It was recognized that glyphosate could inhibit the biochemical pathway of plants that made aromatic amino acids (animals and human beings do not have this pathway, which explains Roundup’s high level of mammal safety) and also that glyphosate is broken down extremely quickly in the soil by microorganisms. In the middle of the 1980s scientists discovered both the genes of plants and microbial ones which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides. In 1987, the USDA approved the first field study of Roundup Ready crops. It was the first test in the field of Roundup Ready tomato plants. In the following years the bacteria that would become the gene that would later become the Roundup Ready trait was discovered, isolated and introduced into crops.

Let’s take soybeans as an illustration. ラウンドアップ 影響 We’ll address the questions: What are Roundup Ready soybeans? How do Roundup-ready soybeans get made. Roundup Ready Soybeans could be described as genetically engineered soybeans that have their DNA modified to make them resistant to the active ingredient in Roundup which is the chemical glyphosate. Because each soybean seed was injected with the Roundup Ready gene before planting, these soybeans are resistant to glyphosate. https://auctions.yahoo.co.jp/search/search?rkf=2&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97&aucmaxprice=999999999&thumb=1&s1=score2&o1=a&isdd=1&ei=utf-8&fixed=3&nockie=1&isnext=1&ex_cat=2084006160,2084008038,2084034075&rewrite_ok_wand_re_search=1 This permits farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides that eliminate weeds, but not their crops.

You can see that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and transformed agriculture and agricultural science. Roundup resistance was quickly recognized by farmers , and widespread adoption began. Today, over 90 percent of U.S. cotton and soybeans utilize Roundup Ready crops. Roundup Ready crops have simplified and improved weed control systems and have resulted in better yields for crops. ラウンドアップ Apart from decreasing the cost of equipment and tillage, Roundup Ready crops also allow for easier harvests because there are fewer weeds. The increased use of conservation tillage has an environmental benefit that is significant. By cutting down on plowing, farmers cut down on energy consumption and GHG emission while maintaining soil structure and reducing erosion. In 2013 it was equivalent to removing 28 billion kg of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ This is equivalent to taking 12.4 million vehicles off the road for one year (Source: PG Economics).