What exactly is Roundup Ready and what are the Roundup-ready crops? ラウンドアップ is a trademark that refers to a type of genetically engineered crop seeds which are resistant to Roundup. These crops are called Roundup Ready.
Who came up with Roundup?
ラウンドアップ (Monsanto Chemist) first recognized Glyphosate as a herbicide in Roundup. ラウンドアップ of herbicides at that period were preemergent. These were applied before the weeds and crops developed. Glyphosate’s extraordinary post-emergent capability in controlling large numbers grass and broadleaf herbicides was something very special. ラウンドアップ with its exceptional environmental (soil destruction rapid degradation, no transfer) and toxicological (extremely small toxicity to beneficial organisms, mammals and beneficial organisms, etc.), made it a breakthrough product.
When was the time Roundup first introduced?
Roundup(r) that was initially introduced on the market as a broad-spectrum herbicide in 1974, rapidly became one of the most well-known agricultural chemicals worldwide. It was initially utilized in ditches, along railroad tracks and sprayed on fields between the growing seasons. This helped farmers control broadleaf and grass weeds emerging from the soil. This eliminated the necessity for tillage, maintained soil structure and reduced soil erosion.
Next came the case of Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by amazing breakthroughs in recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s. They recognized the numerous advantages for farmers when Roundup (r) could be directly applied to their crops in order to reduce weeds. A small team comprised of scientists (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) headed by Dr. ラウンドアップ , began working on this problem. This team had already developed the first technology to introduce genes to plants by the 1980s. After that, we began to focus on creating virus–resistant resistant, insect-resistant, Roundup-tolerant crops.
It was known that glyphosate likely inhibited the biochemical process in plants that made aromatic amino acids (animals and human beings don’t have this pathway which is why Roundup has a high degree of mammalian safety) and that glyphosate was broken down quickly in soil by microorganisms. Our scientists had identified genetics in microbial and plant genes that confer increased herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready plants was cleared for field testing by the USDA in 1987. The Roundup-resistant plant included genetically altered tomatoes which proved resistant to Roundup. A few more years later, the Roundup Ready gene was discovered and isolated.
Let’s look at soybeans to get an idea, by addressing the questions: What is Roundup Ready soybeans? And what is the process by which Roundup Ready soybeans are constructed? Roundup Ready soybeans are soybeans genetically engineered that have had their DNA modified to be able to resist Roundup’s herbicide, glyphosate. They are resistant to glyphosate as each soybean seed has had the gene for Roundup Ready injected into it prior to being planted. This permits farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides to eliminate weeds, but not their crops.
Roundup Ready crop introductions in 1996 have had a profound impact on agricultural science. Roundup resistance soon became a popular plant in the United States. More than 90 percent of U.S. soybeans and cotton, corn, and canola fields now utilize this biotech trait. Roundup Ready crops have been able to reduce and enhance the weed control systems. They also resulted in greater yields from crops. ラウンドアップ is the growing use of conservation tillage. By cutting down on plowing, farmers cut down energy consumption and GHG emissions while maintaining soil structure and reducing erosion. ラウンドアップ was the equivalent of taking away 28.4 Billion kg carbon dioxide from the atmosphere equivalent to 12.4 M cars off the road in a single year (Source . PG Economics.